Observations générales et recommandations
Observation générale no 25 (2021) sur les droits de l’enfant en relation avec l’environnement numérique
Publié
02 mars 2021
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CRC/C/GC/25
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Droits de l’enfant
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A terminology glossary, explanatory note and child-friendly version are also available.
Inputs received (2019)
In March 2019, the Committee invited all interested parties to comment on the concept note of the general comment, and received 136 submissions on the concept note. In parallel, 709 children and young people in 28 countries were consulted.
States
- Albania
- Argentina
- Chile
- China
- Ecuador
- Estonia
- Germany
- Guatemala
- Holy See
- Honduras
- Iran
- Ireland
- Italy
- Lebanon
- Mauritius
- México
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Qatar
- Romania
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Tunisia
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
Regional organizations and United Nations agencies
- Council of Europe
- European Union
- Organisation of American States
- UNICEF - Annex
- UNICEF East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office
National human rights institutions and Children’s Commissioners
- Australian Human Rights Commission
- Children and Young People’s Commissioner Scotland
- Children’s Commissioner for England
- Comisión de Derechos Humanos del Distrito Federal Mexico
- Commissioner for Children’s Rights in Cyprus
- Norwegian Ombudsman for Children
- South Australia’s Commissioner for Children and Young People
Children’s and adolescent groups
- European Council for Digital Good
- RX Radio
- Young Scot 5Rights Youth Leadership Group
- Youth Affairs Council of South Australia
- YouthLink Scotland
Other stakeholders:
- Alana Institute
- Amandine Garde at University of Liverpool, Mimi Tatlow-Golden at The Open University, Emma Bayland at University of Liverpool, Magdalena Muc da Encarnacao at University of Liverpool, Jeff Chester at Center for Digital Democracy, Kathryn Montgomery at American University, Kaja Lund-Iversen at Norwegian Consumer Council and Finn Lützow-Holm Myrstad at Norwegian Consumer Council
- Anne Collier and The Net Safety Collaborative
- Argyro Chatzinikolaou and Eva Lievens at Ghent University
- Asociación Civil Chicos.net
- Association pour le dictionnaire des droits de l’enfant (ADIDE)
- Avril Calder, Chance for Childhood, Child Rights International Network (CRIN), Defence for Children International (DCI), International Association of Youth and Family Judges and Magistrates, Justice Studio, Nikhil Roy, Penal Reform International (PRI) and Terre des Hommes International Federation (TDHIF)
- Ayşegül Liman Kaban, Seda Gökçe Turan and Sinan Aşçı at Bahçeşehir University
- Barnardo’s
- Belgian Safer Internet Centre
- British Board of Film Classification
- Carnegie UK Trust
- Cassandra Seery at Deakin University
- Catalan Audiovisual Council
- Center for Reproductive Rights
- Centre for Human Rights and Citizenship Education of the Dublin City University Institute of Education, Centre for Children’s Rights at Queen's University Belfast and Child Rights Connect and its members including Together (Scottish Alliance for Children’s Rights)
- Centre of Information Rights at University of Winchester
- Child Data Citizen Project and SOAPBOX Labs
- Child Online Africa
- Childnet International
- Children in Scotland
- Children’s Charities’ Coalition on Internet Safety
- Christian Action Research & Education (CARE)
- Common Sense Media
- The Diana Award
- Digital Rights Foundation
- DROPS (University of Warwick and HAT Community Foundation)
- Early Childhood Ireland
- ECPAT International
- ECPAT Sweden
- Equality Now
- eSafety Commissioner in Australia
- EU Kids Online
- Eva Lievens at Ghent University, Simone van der Hof at Leiden University, Ton Liefaard at Leiden Unviersity, Valerie Verdoodt at KU Leuven, Ingrida Milkaite at Ghent University and Thijs Hannema at Kennedy Van der Laan
- Faith Gordon at Monash University
- Farida Shaheed, former United Nations Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights
- Fundación ANAR
- GamersRights.org
- Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) programme
- Girlguiding
- Global Collaborative of International Schools, the Central and Eastern European Schools Association (CEESA) and the Council of International Schools CIS
- Global Kids Online
- Global Partners Digital
- Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children
- Grupo de Sociología de la Infancia y la Adolescencia (GSIA)
- GSMA
- Guardian Saints Community Interest Company
- Homo Digitalis
- Human Rights Watch
- International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children
- International Child Rights Center
- International Play Association (England branch)
- Irish Heart Foundation
- Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
- Japan Committee for UNICEF
- Jugendschutz.net
- Kemal Veli Açar
- Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet)
- Knowledge Media Design Institute (KDMI) at University of Toronto
- Law Council of Australia
- Leanne Bowler at the Pratt Institute
- The LEGO Group
- Leiden University Law School
- Lelia Green, Susan Danby, Sue Bennett, Lisa Kervin, Julian Sefton-Green, Karen Thorpe, Peta Wyeth, Simon Smith, Sonia White and Leon Straker at Curtin University, Deakin University, Edith Cowan University, Queensland University of Technology, University of Wollongong and The University of Queensland
- Michelle Azuaje Pirela and Pablo Contreras Vásquez at Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- National Day Nurseries Association
- NetClean Technologies
- Netsafe
- New Humanity
- Norwegian Cancer Society
- Obesity Policy Coalition
- Observatory for the Rights of the Child Uruguay
- Ordo Iuris Institute for Legal Culture
- Parent Zone
- Personal, Social, Health and Economic (PSHE) Association
- Plan International
- Plataforma de Infancia
- Play Wales
- Privacy Salon and Research Group Law, Science, Technology and Society at Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- RedNatic
- Richard Graham
- Rights in Records by Design at Monash University and Federation University
- Save the Children
- Save the Children Nicaragua
- Silvana Ruiz
- Swiss Foundation for the Protection of Children
- Toy Industries of Europe
- VERSES
- World Federation of the Deaf and World Federation of the Deaf Youth Section
Inputs received (2020)
In August 2020, the Committee invited all interested parties to comment on its draft general comment, and received 142 submissions from States, regional organizations, United Nations agencies, national human rights institutions and Children's Commissioners, children's and adolescent groups, civil society organizations, academics, the private sector, and other entities and individuals.
States
- Australia
- Canada
- Chile
- Croatia
- Finland
- Germany
- Guatemala
- Iran
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Japan
- Kazakhstan
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Norway
- Paraguay
- Philippines
- Poland
- Republic of Korea
- Romania
- Saudi Arabia
- Singapore
- Switzerland
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- United Arab Emirates
- United Kingdom
Regional organizations and United Nations agencies
- Council of Europe
- European Union
- Instituto Interamericano del NNA-OEA (SP)
- UN Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy
- UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children
- UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children
- UNESCO
- UNICEF
National human rights institutions and Children's Commissioners
- Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland
- Défenseur des droits France (FR)
- Defensora Derechos NNA Argentina (SP)
- European Network of Ombudspersons for Children (ENOC)
- National Center for the Rights of the Child Republic of Korea
- Ombudsman for Children in Sweden
Children's and adolescent groups
Other stakeholders:
- 5Rights Foundation
- Action Innocence
- ADIDE – Dictionnaire droits enfants
- Al Sur
- Alana Institute
- Alcohol Action Ireland
- Amandine Garde – University of Liverpool et al
- Asociación por los Derechos Civiles
- Association of Citizens to Combat Human Trafficking and All Forms of Trafficking and All Forms of Gender-Based Violence Serbia (ATINA)
- Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA)
- Australian Council on Children and the Media
- Australian Research Council – Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child
- Barbara Reed – Monash University et al
- Beyond Borders ECPAT Canada
- Bris – Children Rights in Society Sweden
- Canadian Centre for Child Protection
- Carnegie UK Trust
- Centre for Child Law – University of Pretoria
- Centro Internacional Estudos Politicos – Universidad Nacional San Martin, Argentina
- Child Online Africa
- Child Rights Centre Serbia
- Child Rights Coalition Asia
- Child Rights Connect
- Child Rights International Network (CRIN)
- Civil Association for Equality and Justice Argentina
- Collective Shout
- Comisión NNA – Asociación Abogados Buenos Aires
- Consortium Street Children & We Yone Child Foundation
- Corporación Opción
- Corrin Demeo – Minderoo Foundation
- Debarati Halder – Karnavati University et al
- Defence for Children International (DCI)
- Defend Digital Me
- Deutscher Kinderschutzbund - Child Protection Association
- Digital Education Working Group – Global Privacy Assembly (French version)
- Digital Law Center – University of Geneva
- DKHW – German Children's Fund
- Donna McNamara et al – Newcastle Law School
- ECPAT Sweden
- ECPAT UK
- ECPAT
- Emotional AI Lab
- End Violence Partnership
- Enhancing Children's Lives
- eQuality Project – University of Ottawa
- eSafety Commissioner Australia
- Eszter Parkanyi – University of Leeds and Anthea Hucklesby – University of Birmingham
- Faith Gordon – Australian National University and Josie Cochrane – Catch22
- First Nations Child & Family Caring Society Canada
- Hope For Children – CRC Policy Center
- Humanium
- International Catholic Child Bureau
- International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children
- International Disability Alliance
- Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
- Irit Levy-Feldman et al – Kibbutzim College
- Islamic Research and Information Artistic & Cultural Institute(IRIC)
- James Michael A. Uaminal
- Jo Kaybryn – University of London
- 61.K. E. Smith et al – American University of Paris
- Knowledge Media Design Institute (KMDI) – University of Toronto
- Legal Aid & Support Centre
- Legal Aid of Cambodia
- Léonore Cellier – University of Lausanne and Solange Ghernaouti– Fondation SGH-Institut de Recherche Cyermonde
- Marine Chu – Minderoo Foundation
- Matilde Castoldi et al – American University of Paris
- Media Monitoring Africa
- MediaSmarts Canada
- Minilab del Canal Pakapaka
- Missing Children Europe
- National Association of Persons with Disabilities of Serbia
- National Society Prevention Cruelty to Children UK
- NGO Consortium Finland
- Obesity Policy Coalition
- Paradigm Initiative (PIN)
- Peaceful Actions Platform
- Plan International
- Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants(PICUM)
- Priyanka Tomar – Minderoo Foundation
- ProJuventute
- Prostasia Foundation
- Research Center on Human Rights and Digital Technology – American University of Paris
- S. Colburn et al – American University of Paris
- Save the Children Spain
- Save the Children
- SIENNA Project
- Simone van der Hof – Leiden University and Eva Lievens – GhentUniversity
- SuojellaanLapsi Protect Children Finland
- Susie Alegre
- Swiss Foundation for the Protection of Children
- Tetsuya Shimada
- The Lancet and Financial Times Commission
- UNICEF National Committee Denmark
- UNICEF National Committee Japan
- Wellbeing, Health and Youth University Sydney
- Working Group on Human Rights Sub-committee Economic Exploitation Children's Data – American University of Paris
- World Vision Australia
- Youth Justice and Appeals Project (YJA Project) – University of District of Columbia David A. Clarke School of Law