消除种族歧视委员会将于8月2日至26日在日内瓦举行第九十届会议（部分翻译）

背景信息

委员会将审议希腊、英国、巴拉圭、南非、黎巴嫩、乌克兰、斯里兰卡和巴基斯坦的状况

日内瓦（2016年7月28日）——消除种族歧视委员会将于8月2日至26日在日内瓦威尔逊宫举行第九十届会议，审议希腊、英国、巴拉圭、南非、黎巴嫩、乌克兰、斯里兰卡和巴基斯坦政府为打击歧视所做的努力。

在8月2日（周二）上午10点的开幕式上，委员会将听取人权事务高级专员办事处一名代表的发言，并通过届会议程和工作方案。

除了审议八个缔约国的报告，理事会还将与非政府组织举行公开非正式会议，听取其简要报告即将接受审议的国家状况。委员会还将在闭门会议中审议依据《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》第十四条提交的来文。

希腊将呈交其第二十至第二十二次合并定期报告CERD/C/GRC/20-22。委员会关于第十六至第十九次合并定期报告的结论性意见和建议（2009年9月审议）可在此查看：CERD/C/GRC/CO/16-19。

英国将呈交其第二十一至第二十三次合并定期报告CERD/C/GBR/21-23。委员会关于第十八至第二十次合并定期报告的结论性意见和建议（2011年9月审议）可在此查看：CERD/C/GBR/CO/18-20。

巴拉圭将呈交其第四至第六次合并定期报告CERD/C/PRY/4-6。委员会关于首次至第三次合并定期报告的结论性意见和建议（2011年9月审议）可在此查看：CERD/C/PRY/CO/1-3。

南非将呈交其第四至第八次合并定期报告CERD/C/ZAF/4-8。委员会关于首次至第三次合并定期报告的结论性意见和建议（2006年10月审议）可在此查看：CERD/C/ZAF/CO/3。

黎巴嫩将呈交其第十八至第二十二次合并定期报告CERD/C/LBN/18-22。委员会关于第十四至第十六次合并定期报告的结论性意见和建议（2004年4月审议）可在此查看：CERD/C/64/CO/3。

乌克兰将呈交其第二十二至第二十三次合并定期报告CERD/C/UKR/22-23。委员会关于第十九至第二十一次合并定期报告的结论性意见和建议（2011年9月审议）可在此查看：CERD/C/UKR/CO/19-21。

斯里兰卡将呈交其第十至第十七次合并定期报告CERD/C/LKA/10-17。委员会关于第八和第九次合并定期报告的结论性意见和建议（2011年8月审议）可在此查看：A/56/18(SUPP)第321款至第342款。

巴基斯坦将呈交其第二十一至第二十三次合并定期报告CERD/C/PAK/21-23。委员会关于第十五至第二十次合并定期报告的结论性意见和建议（2009年3月审议）可在此查看：CERD/C/PAK/CO/20。

《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》是最早确立的主要人权条约，今年是公约五十周年。公约的177个缔约国承诺消除一切形式的种族歧视，公约将其界定为基于种族、肤色、世系或民族或人种的任何区别、排斥、限制或优惠，其目的或效果为取消或损害政治、经济、社会、文化或公共生活任何其他方面人权及基本自由在平等地位上的承认、享受或行使。

由18名专家组成的委员会负责监督公约的落实情况。委员会评估各缔约国在何种程度上履行义务，并为履行《公约》作出建议。

委员会与各国代表团将于上午10点至下午1点以及下午3点至6点在威尔逊宫底层会议室举行对话。这些会议的网络直播可通过这里观看：http://www.treatybodywebcast.org/。

委员会关于审议国家的调查结果，官方称为结论性意见，将于委员会网页发布。

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

This year, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination marks its fiftieth anniversary. It is the longest established of the main human rights treaties and was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 21 December 1965.

The Convention entered into force on 4 January 1969. It defines racial discrimination as any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.

By signing up to the Convention, States parties commit themselves to condemn racial discrimination and to pursue, by all appropriate means and without delay, policies of eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms and promoting understanding among all races. To that end, each State party undertakes not to engage in any act or practice of racial discrimination against persons, groups of persons or institutions and to ensure that all public authorities and public institutions, national and local, shall act in conformity with this obligation; not to sponsor, defend or support racial discrimination by any persons or organizations; to take effective measures to review governmental, national and local policies, and to amend, rescind or nullify any laws and regulations which have the effect of creating or perpetuating racial discrimination wherever it exists; to prohibit and bring to an end, by all appropriate means, including legislation as required by circumstances, racial discrimination by any persons, group or organization; to encourage, where appropriate, integrationist multiracial organizations and movements and other means of eliminating barriers between races, and to discourage anything which tends to strengthen racial division.

In accordance with article 4, States parties also undertake to condemn all propaganda and all organizations which are based on ideas or theories of superiority of one race or group of persons of one colour or ethnic origin, or which attempt to justify or promote racial hatred and discrimination in any form, and undertake to adopt immediate and positive measures designed to eradicate all incitement to, or acts of, such discrimination. States parties, by virtue of article 9, undertake to submit a report on the legislative, judicial, administrative or other measures which they have adopted and which give effect to the provisions of this Convention. To ensure the implementation and the respect of their obligations under the Convention by States parties, the Convention establishes the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination to examine the reports presented by States parties.

In addition, as provided in article 14, a State Party may at any time declare that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from individuals or groups of individuals within its jurisdiction claiming to be victims of a violation by that State Party of any of the rights set forth in this Convention. No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State party that has not made such a declaration. To date 57 States parties have made a declaration under this article.

States Parties to the Convention

As of July 2016, the following 177 States are parties to the Convention: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Republic of Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, State of Palestine, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Communications Under Article 14

Under article 14 of the Convention, the Committee considers communications from individuals or groups of individuals claiming to be victims of a violation by States parties of any of the rights set forth in the Convention, provided the States concerned have recognized the competence of the Committee in this regard. The following 58 States parties have already done so: Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay and Venezuela.

Membership of the Committee

The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination is made up of the following 18 independent experts: Noureddine Amir (Algeria); Alexei Avtonomov (Russian Federation); Marc Bossuyt (Belgium); Jose Francisco Cali Tzay (Guatemala); Anastasia Crickley (Ireland); Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah (Burkina Faso); Afiwa-Kindena Hohoueto (Togo); Anwar Kemal (Pakistan); Melhem Khalaf (Lebanon); Gun Kut (Turkey); Jose A. Lindgren Alves (Brazil); Nicolas Marugan (Spain); Gay Mcdougall (United States); Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed (Mauritania); Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (Colombia); Verene Albertha Sheperd (Jamaica); Yanduan Li (China); and Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen (Mauritius).

Ms. Crickley is the Chairperson. The Vice Chairpersons are Mr. Amir, Mr. Cali Tzay and Mr. Khalaf. Mr. Avnotonov is the Rapporteur.

Proposed Programme of Work

To learn more about the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, please visit http://www.ohchr.org/en/treaty-bodies/cerd

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