人权事务委员会将于2013年10月14日至11月1日在日内瓦召开第109届会议（部分会议）

背景文件

2013年10月10日

专家将审议玻利维亚、吉布提、毛里塔尼亚、莫桑比克、美国和乌拉圭的报告

人权事务委员会将于10月14日至11月1日在日内瓦威尔逊宫召开第109次届会，审议玻利维亚、吉布提、毛里塔尼亚、莫桑比克、美国和乌拉圭的报告，内容为这些国家如何落实《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》条款。

10月14日周一，委员会将听取人权事务高级专员或她的代表发言，也将通过议程和工作方案。在届会的闭门会议中，委员会将听取联合国组织、专门机构、非政府组织和国家人权机构对将审议国家状况的发言。

此外，委员会也将讨论工作方法，并听取特别报告员关于看法与结论性意见的后续工作的进展报告。委员会也将在闭门会议中审议一些个人来文，并继续讨论有关第九条人人享有人身自由和安全权的一般性意见草案。

本次届会上提交的五份缔约国报告中，有两份已在此前经委员会审议。玻利维亚将呈交其第三次定期报告（CCPR/C/BOL/3）。委员会关于第二次定期报告（1997年3月和4月审议）的结论性意见和建议可在文件（CCPR/C/79/Add.74）中查看。乌拉圭将呈交其第五次定期报告（CCPR/C/URY/5）。委员会关于第四次定期报告（1998年3月审议）的结论性意见和建议可在文件（CCPR/C/79/Add.90）中查看。

吉布提（CCPR/C/DJI/1）、毛里塔尼亚（CCPR/C/MRT/1）和莫桑比克（CCPR/C/MOZ/1）将呈交初次报告。

美国将呈交的报告原定于在本次届会期间接受审议，但因为美国政府的持续关闭，应该国请求，推迟于2014年3月进行。

可通过此链接了解第109次届会信息。

公约背景

《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》由大会通过，于1966年开放供签署，1976年生效。公约开头写道，所有人都拥有自决权。人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。公约禁止酷刑、残忍或有辱人格的待遇或惩罚以及任意剥夺生命的行为。遭到逮捕的人应被告知逮捕理由，因刑事指控被捕或被拘者应立即被带至法官或其他法律授权人士处。

除了其他权利，公约也提供行动自由，限制驱逐合法居住在缔约方国土内的外国人。另外，思想、良心和宗教或信仰自由权以及言论自由为公约所承认，公约禁止任何鼓吹战争或主张民族、种族或宗教仇恨的行为。

States Parties to Covenant

The following 167 States have ratified or acceded to the Covenant: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Optional Protocols to the Covenant

The Optional Protocol to the Covenant provides for the confidential consideration of communications from individuals who claim to be victims of a violation of any rights recognized in the Covenant. The Committee can receive no communications if it concerns a State party to the Covenant that is not also a party to the Optional Protocol.

The following 114 States are parties to the Optional Protocol: Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela and Zambia.

The Human Rights Committee is also mandated, under article 41 of the Covenant, to consider communications from a State party alleging violations of the Covenants provisions by another State party. This procedure can be applied when both States recognize this competence of the Committee by a relevant declaration.

The Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant, which aims at the abolition of the death penalty, was adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 1989 and entered into force on 11 July 1991. The following 78 States have ratified or acceded to the Second Optional Protocol: Albania, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela.

Membership of the Committee

The States parties to the Covenant elect the Committee's 18 expert members who serve in their individual capacity for four-year terms. Article 28 of the Covenant requires that "they shall be persons of high moral character and recognized competence in the field of human rights." They are:

Yadh Ben Achour (Tunisia); Lazhari Bouzid (Algeria); Christine Chanet (France); Ahmad Amin Fathalla (Egypt); Cornelis Flinterman (The Netherlands); Yuji Iwasawa (Japan); Mr. Walter Kalin (Switzerland), Zonke Zanele Majodina (South Africa); Kheshoe Parsad Matadeen (Mauritius); Iulia Antoanella Motoc (Romania); Gerarld L. Neuman (United States); Nigel Rodley (United Kingdom); Victor Manuel Rodriguez-Rescia (Costa Rica); Fabian Omar Salvioli (Argentina); Anja Seibert-Fohr (Germany); Yuval Shany (Israel); Konstantine Vardzelashvili (Georgia); and Margo Waterval (Suriname).

Mr. Rodley is the Chairperson. The Vice-Chairpersons are Mr. Ben Achour, Ms. Motoc and Ms. Waterval. Mr. Flinterman is the Rapporteur.

Programme of Work (Public meetings)

Monday, 14 October
10 a.m. Opening of session, adoption of the agenda, report
of the working group
3 p.m. Third periodic report of Bolivia (CCPR/C/BOL/3),

Tuesday, 15 October
UN holiday

Wednesday, 16 October
10 a.m. Report of Bolivia (continued)
3 p.m. Initial report of Djibouti (CCPR/C/DJI/1)

Thursday, 17 October
10 a.m. Report of Djibouti (continued)
3 p.m. Closed meeting

Friday, 18 October
10 a.m. Closed meeting
3 p.m. Closed meeting

Monday, 21 October
10 a.m. Closed meeting
3 p.m. Initial report of Mauritania (CCPR/C/MRT/1)

Tuesday, 22 October
10 a.m. Report of Mauritania (continued)
3 p.m. Initial report of Mozambique (CCPR/C/MOZ/1)

Wednesday, 23 October
10 a.m. Report of Mozambique (continued)
3 p.m. Fifth periodic report of Uruguay (CCPR/C/URY/5)

Thursday, 24 October
10 a.m. Report of Uruguay (continued)
3 p.m. Draft General Comment Article 9

Friday, 25 October
10 a.m. Progress report of Special Rapporteur on Follow-up to Views
11 a.m. Methods of Work
3 p.m. Closed meeting

Monday, 28 October
10 a.m. Progress report of Special Rapporteur on Follow-up
to Concluding Observations
3 p.m. Methods of work

Tuesday, 29 October
10 a.m. Draft General Comment on Article 9
3 p.m. Closed meeting

Thursday, 31 October
10 a.m. Draft General Comment on Article 9
3 p.m. Closed meeting

Friday, 1 November
10 a.m. Closed meeting
3 p.m. Methods of work and announcement of bureau decisions
Closing of the session


The country reports and full list of issues can be found here:
http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/SessionDetails1.aspx?SessionID=624&Lang=en

The concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee will be made available on Thursday 31 October at: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/SessionDetails1.aspx?SessionID=624&Lang=en.

To learn more about the Human Rights Committee, visit:
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CCPR/Pages/CCPRIndex.aspx

To learn more about the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, visit: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx

To arrange an interview with a Committee member, please contact Kate Fox (+41 (0) 22 917 9398/ kfox@ohchr.org)

For more information and other media requests, please contact Liz Throssell (+41 (0) 22 917 9434/ ethrossell@ohchr.org

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