日内瓦(2013年4月3日)——联合国赤贫问题专家和适足住房问题专家今日对匈牙利近期通过《基本法》修正案提出批评。该修正案授权国家和市级立法宣布在公共场所留宿为非法行为。
两位人权专家促请匈牙利政府撤回该新近通过的修正案,以符合匈牙利宪法法庭对无家可归状况非刑罪化的决定以及匈牙利的国际义务。他们还对“未给公众磋商留出时间的仓促修订过程”表达了关切。
赤贫和人权问题特别报告员马格达莱纳·塞普尔韦达表示:“通过这一修正案,匈牙利国会将无家可归状况列罪入刑,并在宪法中容忍对无家可归者的歧视和污名化。”
塞普尔韦达女士表示:“这样的立法将对赤贫人群,特别是无家可归者产生极大影响。这不仅阻碍了无家可归者享有人权,还推动了一代又一代人对赤贫人群和无家可归者的偏见。”
适足住房问题特别报告员拉克尔·罗尔尼克警告称:“无家可归者和低收入家庭的住房选择有限,在这样的背景下宣布露宿非法,违背了匈牙利平等和非歧视的国际人权义务。”
罗尔尼克女士提到,根据匈牙利政府的说法,目前首都并没有足够的庇护所供无家可归群体使用。她补充说:“针对国内近三万名无家可归者,匈牙利并没有国家住房战略或长期的无家可归者救助计划。”
专家表示:“宪法修正案承认适足住房权,并承诺为每一名无家可归者提供住所,我对此表示欢迎,但匈牙利的现实与完全实现适足住房权相差甚远。”
专家强调:“我们尤其关切的是,这一修正案规避了匈牙利宪法法庭2012年11月的决定:这一决定撤销了将在公共场所留宿刑罪化的立法。”宪法法庭认为,此前的立法违背了《基本法》所要求的法律确定性和对人类尊严权与财产权的保护。
赤贫问题特别报告员提到,在宪法法庭撤销该立法之前,各个市级政府对无家可归者征收的罚金据称超过12.5万美元。
她强调:“它回避了一个问题,即匈牙利社会中最贫穷与最边缘的群体将如何支付这些高额罚款,他们将因此陷入更深的贫困中。”
Magdalena Sepúlveda is the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights since May 2008. She is independent from any government or organization. Learn more, visit:
http://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-poverty
In October 2011, Ms. Sepúlveda presented a report to the UN General Assembly on the penalization of people living in poverty:
http://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-poverty/annual-reports
Raquel Rolnik was appointed as Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context by the UN Human Rights Council, in May 2008. As Special Rapporteur, she is independent from any government or organization and serves in her individual capacity. An architect and urban planner, Ms. Rolnik has extensive experience in the area of housing and urban policies. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing
Read the experts’ previous statement on the decision of the Hungarian Constitutional Court in November 2012:
http://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2012/12/un-experts-urge-hungary-uphold-constitutional-court-decision-decriminalize
OHCHR Country Page – Hungary: http://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/hungary
For inquiries and media requests, please contact Lidia Rabinovich (+ 41 22 917 9763 / lrabinovich@ohchr.org or write to srhousing@ohchr.org or srextremepoverty@ohchr.org.
For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)
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