Freedom of Opinion and Expression - Issues in focus

Issues

Reports 

Academic freedom and public demonstrations

E/CN.4/2001/64 (paras.37 – 38)

Access to information

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.30 – 39)
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.21 – 31)
E/CN.4/2005/64 (paras.36 – 44)
E/CN.4/2004/62 (paras.34 – 64)
E/CN.4/2000/63 (paras.42 – 44; Annex II: The Public’s Right to Know: Principles on Freedom of Information Legislation)

Access to information in situations of extreme poverty

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.54 – 58)
A/HRC/11/4 (paras.51 – 55; 64 – 67)

Access to internet and the right to education

A/66/290 (paras.70-74)

Administrative and legal measures and repressive measures in connection with the media

E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.55 – 58)
E/CN.4/2001/64 (paras.37 – 42)

Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights

A/73/348 (paras.22-60)

Broadcasting

A/HRC/7/14 (Annex, Joint declaration on promoting diversity in the broadcast media)
E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.80 – 87)

Censorship, suspension, closing or banning of media outlets and internet access

A/HRC/23/40 (paras.44-46)
A/HRC/17/27(paras.29-32 & 49-50)
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.21 – 24)

Children and the right to freedom of opinion and expression

A/69/335 (paras.9-63)
A/HRC/14/23 (paras.50 – 53)

Children and the access to the Internet

A/69/335 (paras.65-78)

Community-based media 

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.66 – 71)
A/HRC/14/23/Add.2
A/HRC/11/4 (para.63)

Counter-terrorism measures and freedom of expression

A/HRC/7/14 (paras.47 – 53)
E/CN.4/2004/62 (paras.69 – 78)
E/CN.4/2003/67 (paras.54 – 68)

Criminal libel and defamation

A/HRC/14/23 (para.82 – 83)
A/HRC/14/23/Add.2
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.39 – 43)
A/HRC/4/27 (paras.44 – 57)
E/CN.4/2006/55 (paras.44 – 55)
E/CN.4/2001/64 (paras.43 – 48)
E/CN.4/2000/63 (paras.45 – 52)
E/CN.4/1999/64 (paras.24 – 28)

Cyber-attacks

A/HRC/17/27 (paras.51-52)

Defamation of religion

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.84 – 87)

Detention or arrest, bringing of charges, trial and sentencing

E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.52 – 54)
E/CN.4/2001/64 (27 – 29) 

Diversity of media

A/HRC/7/14 (paras.25 – 28)

Digital divide

A/HRC/35/22 (paras.47-50)
A/66/290 (paras.61-77)
A/HRC/17/27 (paras. 60-66)
A/HRC/17/27
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.61 – 62)
E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.89 – 92)  

Digital literacy

A/66/290 (paras.45-60)

Duties and responsibilities

E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.36 – 37)

Encryption, anonymity and the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, and privacy

A/HRC/29/32 (paras.14-55)

Events of 11 September 2001

E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.71 – 79)

Exceptional prohibitions to the freedom of expression

A/66/290 (paras.20-36)

Freedom of expression and the realization of other human rights

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.26 – 29)
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.54 – 66)

Freedom of expression to combat discrimination

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.40 – 71; 86 – 87)
A/HRC/7/14 (para.64)  

Freedom of expression and freedom of religion

A/HRC/7/14 (paras.63 – 66)

Freedom of opinion

E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.24 – 27)

Harm to media personnel and others: killings, attacks, threats, harassment

E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.47 – 51)
E/CN.4/2001/64 (paras.28 – 36)

Hate speech

A/74/486 (paras.4-28)
A/74/486 (paras.29-39)
A/74/486 (paras.40-55)
A/67/357 (paras.24-74)
E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.62 – 66)

HIV/AIDS and freedom of expression and access to information

A/HRC/7/14 (paras.54 – 60)
E/CN.4/2004/62 (paras.65 – 68)
E/CN.4/2003/67 (paras.37 – 53)

Internet and freedom of expression

A/HRC/17/27
A/HRC/14/23/Add.2 (paras.9 – 10)
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.29- 31, Internet governance)
A/HRC/4/27 (paras.38 – 43, Internet governance and digital democracy)
E/CN.4/2006/55 (paras.29 – 43, Internet governance and human rights)
E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.88 - 95)

Internet and the impact of private enterprises on freedom of expression

A/HRC/35/22 (paras.29-63)
A/HRC/32/38 (paras.15-25)

Internet content regulation

A/HRC/38/35 (paras. 13-63)
A/HRC/35/22 (paras.64-75)
A/HRC/32/38 (paras.25-55 & 63-71)

Indigenous people and the right to freedom of opinion and expression

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.41, 59 – 65)
A/HRC/11/4 (para.55)

Media in countries of transition and in elections

A/HRC/26/30 (paras. 10-74)
E/CN.4/1998/40 (paras.20 – 29)

Minorities and the right to freedom of opinion and expression

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.59 – 65)
A/HRC/11/4 (para.55)

National security

A/HRC/14/23/Add.2
E/CN.4/1999/64, E/CN.4/1998/40 (paras.46 – 48)
E/CN.4/1996/39 (Annex, Johannesburg Principles on National security, freedom of expression and access to information)
E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.48 – 51)

Nature and the scope of the right to freedom of opinion and expression

A/71/373 (paras.50-54)
E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.14 – 37)

Net neutrality

A/HRC/35/22 (paras.23-28)

New information technologies

A/HRC/32/38 (paras.5-14)
E/CN.4/2001/64 (paras.57 – 69)
E/CN.4/2000/63 (paras.54 – 58)
E/CN.4/1999/64 (paras.29 – 36)
E/CN.4/1998/40 (paras.30 – 45)

Non-state actors

E/CN.4/2001/64 (paras.49 – 56)

Notion of freedom

E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.19 – 23)

Police and criminal justice system

E/CN.4/2000/63 (para.53)

Protection of sources of information and whistle-blowers

A/70/361 (paras.14-57)

Public order and limitations to freedom of expression

E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.52 – 53)

Public health and limitations to freedom of expression

E/CN.4/1995/32 (para.54)

Public morals and limitations to freedom of expression

E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.55)

Safety and protection of journalists and media professionals, including in conflict zones 

A/HRC/20/17 (paras.48-91)
A/HRC/14/23 (paras.88 – 103), A/HRC/14/23/Add.2
A/HRC/11/4 (paras.43 – 50; 64 – 67)
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.32 – 38)
A/HRC/4/27 (paras.58 – 86)
E/CN.4/2006/55 (paras.56 – 61)
E/CN.4/2005/64 (paras.45 – 48)

States of emergency

A/HRC/14/23 (para.79(j))
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.44 – 46)

Restrictions and limitations to the right to freedom of expression

A/71/373 (paras. 9-49)
A/66/290 (paras.37-44)
A/HRC/14/23 (paras.72 – 87)
A/HRC/11/4 (paras.38 – 42)
A/HRC/7/14 (paras.39 – 53)
E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.38 – 55)

Right to seek and receive information

A/72/350 (paras.23-54)
A/HRC/35/22 (paras.8-16)
A/70/361 (paras.5-13)
A/68/362 (paras.70-86)
A/HRC/14/23/Add.2
E/CN.4/1999/64 (paras.12 – 17)
E/CN.4/1998/40 (paras.11 – 19)
E/CN.4/1995/32 (paras.34 – 35)

Right to truth and the right to access information

A/68/362 (paras. 12-69)

Right to privacy and freedom of expression

A/HRC/35/22 (paras.17-22 & 64-69)
A/HRC/23/40 (paras.19-32)
A/HRC/17/27 (paras.53-59)

Communications surveillance and digital security

A/HRC/41/35
A/HRC/32/38 (paras.56-62)
A/HRC/23/40 (paras.33-77)

World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance

E/CN.4/2002/75 (paras.59 – 70)

Women and freedom of expression

A/HRC/14/23 (paras.42 – 49)
E/CN.4/2001/64 (paras.70 – 76)
E/CN.4/1999/64 (paras.37 – 44)
E/CN.4/1998/40 (paras.49 – 58)