Although different in scope, both international human rights law and international humanitarian law offer a series of complementary and mutually reinforcing protections to persons in armed conflict, whether civilians, persons who are no longer participating directly in hostilities or active participants. This publication provides a thorough legal analysis and guidance to State authorities, human rights and humanitarian actors and others on the application of international human rights law and international humanitarian law for the protection of persons in armed conflict. It addresses, in particular, their complementary application.