Summary

The Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Irene Khan, visited Serbia and Kosovo from 28 March to 6 April 2023. In the present report, the Special Rapporteur recognizes the strong legal framework for freedom of expression in Serbia but expresses concern that it is being undermined by certain policies and practices, including widespread threats, attacks, hate speech and smear campaigns, online and offline, against journalists, human rights defenders and political opponents, continued impunity for past crimes, slow, ineffective prosecutions and a weak media regulatory body, which is unable to carry out its responsibilities in an independent, effective and competent manner. She urges the Government of Serbia to carry out legal, policy and institutional reforms and demonstrate a stronger, unequivocal political commitment to upholding freedom of expression online and offline, in line with its international human rights obligations. With regard to Kosovo, the Special Rapporteur welcomes the emerging vibrant media landscape but notes the need to improve the inclusivity and diversity of the media, including by providing more sustained support to independent Serbian-language media. The Special Rapporteur remains committed to working with Serbia and Kosovo in their efforts to meet the requirements of international human rights law.

* All references to Kosovo shall be understood to be in full compliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).