Summary

The Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment, David R. Boyd, visited Portugal from 19 to 27 September 2022, at the invitation of the Government. The purpose of the visit was to examine how Portugal has been implementing the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, to identify good practices and to investigate the environmental challenges that the country faces. Portugal has a very strong legal framework for protecting human rights and the environment and deserves credit for leadership related to closing coalfired power plants and ensuring access to safe drinking water. Ongoing challenges include air pollution, waste management, adapting to the climate crisis and effectively implementing environmental laws and policies. Among his recommendations, the Special Rapporteur encourages Portugal to reduce emissions from motor vehicles, invest in energy efficiency, accelerate renewable energy generation, strengthen air quality standards and shift towards a circular economy.