上午

日内瓦（2016年9月26日）——人权理事会今天上午举行了关于在理事会及其机制的工作中融入性别视角的年度讨论，重点关注人权理事会决议和建议中的性别平等参与。

联合国人权事务副高级专员凯特·吉尔摩（Kate Gilmore）在开场发言中忆及九年前的理事会第6/30号决议，呼吁将性别系统地纳入人权理事会及其机制的各方面工作中。性别平等参与对于人权进步而言是必不可少的；这关乎繁荣、和平与发展的各个方面。尽管取得了一些进展，但仍有破坏性的缺陷需要填补，尤其是在国别决议中，女性和男性在冲突和危机中的生活截然不同这一事实不断遭到忽视。此时应将对基于性别的暴力行为的谴责转化为性别平等参与的有效司法行动。

牛津大学国际研究中心高级助理研究员、妇女崛起、世界崛起组织（Rising Women Rising World）共同创始人兼小组讨论主持人拉马·玛尼（Rama Mani）表示，讨论中将展示一些成员国和民间社会在履行性别平等参与的任务授权中如何发挥作用，并检验显著进步和不同程度退步的原因。她表示，性别是一种社会和文化结构，同时促请各国不要将妇女和女童仅仅视为受害者，而是要赋予她们能力和充分的主动性。

阿尔及利亚常驻联合国日内瓦办事处代表布杰马·德米（Boudjemâa Delmi）十分担心有关消除基于性别的国籍歧视的第20/4号理事会决议的落实情况，同时强调了各国预防无国籍状态并依法决定授予公民权人选的责任。阿尔及利亚已经改革了国籍法，允许通过母系血统的国籍传递，并保障所有于阿尔及利亚出生的孩子的国籍，包括单身母亲，她们现在可以将国籍和姓氏传递给下一代。

联合国妇女署政府间支助司负责人克里斯汀·布劳提根（Christine Brautigam）表示，成员国在报告中对一项反映性别视角的决议的请求是切实考虑待审议问题中性别平等含义的第一步。有必要加强部门领域的性别分析，以此帮助制定促进性别平等的政策和行动，而推动性别平等的关键因素是妇女的行动主义以及在人权领域中构建有关性别视角的知识基础。

酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚问题特别报告员胡安·埃内斯托·门德斯（Juan Ernesto Mendez）表示，尽管妇女和女童在监狱总人口中仅占一小部分，但她们在拘留中却尤其面对着酷刑和虐待风险，这种现象不仅存在于刑事司法系统中，同样存在于移徙羁留中心、医疗机构和毒品康复中心内。2010年通过的《联合国女性囚犯待遇和女性罪犯非拘禁措施规则》对于填补国际标准方面的现存空缺以及解决针对性别的需求和女性罪犯、囚犯的状况而言是关键的一步。

普遍定期审议资讯方案管理人奥伊弗·赫加蒂（Aoife Hegarty）表示，在普遍定期审议程序的第一轮周期中，有关妇女权利和性别的建议在中期引发了最热切的行动。各国应当收集并传播分列数据，并在国家报告中进行质性分析和讨论，旨在帮助监察性别相关的进步。普遍定期审议有助于在国际议程中推动性别，而平等和妇女权利则是所有国家应当持续、全面讨论的话题。

在随后的讨论中，发言人强调了将关于性别平等的承诺转化为切实结果的义务，对此而言，在国家政策和联合国工作中将性别主流化是关键。许多理事会机制和条约机构中都存在性别不平等现象，因此，成员国有义务在投票选举特别程序任务授权候选人时将性别平衡视为关键标准。几名发言人提出了将妇女困于不平等权力关系之中的社会准则问题，并表示理事会必须通过决议处理歧视性法律、做法和习俗，同时确保真正的性别主流化。理事会还应该从人权视角解决性胁迫、强迫怀孕、切割女性生殖器官、童婚和早婚以及基于性别的暴力行为和性暴力行为问题。

越南、欧盟、代表伊斯兰合作组织的巴基斯坦、代表拉美及加勒比国家共同体的多米尼加共和国、代表四个国家的奥地利、代表一组八个北欧-波罗的海国家的瑞典、卡塔尔、联合王国、爱尔兰、大韩民国、厄瓜多尔、帕劳、古巴、中国、意大利、澳大利亚、格鲁吉亚、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、孟加拉国、巴西、西班牙、克罗地亚、希腊、委内瑞拉、利比亚、土耳其、泰国以及阿拉伯联合酋长国在讨论中发言。

以下非政府组织也作了发言：促进经济、社会和文化权利全球倡议（Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights，联合声明）、联合国观察（United Nations Watch）、计划国际（Plan International）、希亚姆酷刑受害者康复中心（Khiam Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Torture）、加拿大人口与发展行动组织（Action Canada for Population and Development）、世界基督教女青年会（World Young Women’s Christian Association）、以及马利基和平与发展基金会（Maarij Foundation for Peace and Development）。

人权理事会今天举行全天会议。随后，理事会将继续关于巴勒斯坦和其他阿拉伯被占领土人权状况的一般性辩论，随后进行关于《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》后续行动和落实情况的一般性辩论。

今天下午3点，理事会将与非洲裔问题专家工作组开展互动对话，随后将举行关于种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关的不容忍现象问题以及《德班宣言和行动纲领》后续行动和落实情况的一般性辩论。
 
Opening Statement
 
KATE GILMORE, United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, reminded that nine years ago resolution 6/30, which called for the systematic integration of gender into all aspects of the work of the Human Rights Council and its mechanisms, had been adopted.  She noted that women and girls carried a disproportionate burden of gender inequality.  Gender equality demanded that not only should everyone think out of the gender boxes, it meant that all must get out of the boxes because they distorted human potential and undermined human diversity.  The full protection of human rights required that masculinity and femininity not be considered as a primordial state, but in terms of diversity and tolerance which required a just distribution of power.  Gender integration was essential to the advance of human rights, relevant to all aspects of prosperity, peace and development.  Although there had been progress in gender integration, damaging gaps still needed to be filled.  Examining 850 resolutions which had been adopted in the past 10 years on both country and thematic policy areas, there was a considerable increase in resolutions integrating a gender perspective, or which focused specifically on women’s rights.  Their proportion rose from seven per cent in 2006 to 59 per cent in 2015.  Some focused on gender-specific issues, such as maternal mortality or female genital mutilation. 
 
Country resolutions, however, remained far less likely to integrate considerations of gender.  Some resolutions integrated some gender themes in the text.  However, most country-focused resolutions continued to neglect the fact that conflict and crisis were lived very differently by women and men, due to gendered social roles and the compounded effects of multiple types of pre-existing discrimination and conflict-related harm.  When women were mentioned in resolutions, it was mainly as the victims of conflict-related sexual violence, ignoring many other issues, and completely neglecting the importance of women as key agents of peace building.  In its June 2016 session, the Council had adopted resolutions on a range of country situations and although many reports by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and human rights mechanisms had pointed to significant gender issues in those countries, the adopted resolutions had largely failed to address the issues such as impunity for sexual violence by State actors, obstacles to women’s political participation, accusations of witchcraft targeting women and girls, degrading treatment and ill-treatment of women in detention, and human trafficking of internally displaced women and girls.  The international community needed to flourish more open spaces for young women and men.  It was time for the condemnation of gender-based violence to be transformed into effective gender integrated action for the sake of human justice.  The international community had to remain faithful to resolution 6/30. 
 
Statements by the Moderator and the Panellists
 
RAMA MANI, Senior Research Associate at the University of Oxford Centre for International Studies and Co-Founder of Rising Women Rising World, acting as Moderator of the Panel Discussion, said that the panel would showcase how Member States, United Nations institutions and civil society could play a fundamental role in fulfilling the mandate of gender mainstreaming.  The objective was to examine what might be the causes for what was seen in the period, during which there had been great steps forward, but also backsliding and backlash.  As the Deputy High Commissioner had just said, gender integration was important because it was a question of humanity.  Calling on all to think of the range of ways to bring full humanity to fulfilling the mandate, she urged them not to do it simply from a perspective of treating women and girls as victims, but by capacitating them and giving them their full agency.  She underlined the point of gender being socially constructed and also being culturally constructed.  That was even more the reason why such a panel discussion was useful for participants to learn from each other and to see the ways in which every country could fulfil and stretch their imaginations so the goal of humanity could be fulfilled.  Giving the floor to the first panellist, she noted that in the past 10 years, the Human Rights Council had adopted many resolutions focusing on the elimination of gender-based discrimination, including in nationality laws.  She asked the panellist for an example showing how the work of the Council could promote and support change at the national level.
 
BOUDJEMÂA DELMI, Permanent Representative of Algeria to the United Nations Office at Geneva, said that Algeria’s example was an interesting case study.  Looking at the right to nationality in Algeria, the legal framework of the right to acquisition of nationality had to be examined.  Referring to international instruments, he noted that according to them, the prevention of statelessness was the responsibility of States, and that each State might determine through its laws who was entitled to citizenship.  On that basis, the Human Rights Council had adopted resolution 20/4.  Under that resolution, Member States were called on to prevent and reduce statelessness, and reform their laws on nationality that discriminated against women, so as to allow women to confer nationality to their children and spouses.  Turning to domestic law in Algeria, he said that it had provided women with certain rights, noting that the constitution ensured that women were full citizens like men were, and that citizens were equal before the law.  Institutions had an objective of ensuring the equality of all citizens, men and women. 
 
Turning to the reform of the Algerian nationality law, he said that a bill toward that end had been adopted, which had later been amended by another decree.  The first change was that nationality might be obtained through maternal descent.  The new conditions provided for gender equality.  Algerian women marrying foreigners no longer had to worry what would happen to their children.  The second item was that Algerian nationality was given to children born in Algeria.  Single mothers could now transmit their family name and nationality to their children.  Nationality could also be obtained through naturalization.  Efforts made by associations and the media had made it possible to overcome the resistance of opposition to the changes. 
 
RAMA MANI, Senior Research Associate, University of Oxford Centre for International Studies and Co-Founder, Rising Women Rising World, and panel moderator, asked about the lessons that the Human Rights Council could draw from the experience of the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other inter-governmental bodies.
 
CHRISTINE BRAUTIGAM, Director of the Intergovernmental Support Division of UN Women, recalled that the gender mainstreaming mandates and strategy had been adopted at the Fourth World Conference for Women in Beijing in 1995, while the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development stressed the crucial importance of gender mainstreaming in the implementation of the Agenda.  By analysing the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and its functional commissions, and the reports of the Secretary-General, UN Women had built the evidence of status, progress, opportunities and good practices in regard to gender equality perspectives.  The key findings were: the trend in the reflection of a gender perspective in the resolutions of the General Assembly was slow but upward; gender perspectives were more likely to be addressed in social, humanitarian and cultural issues, as well as economic and financial issues, and least likely to be integrated in disarmament and international law issues; the scope of attention to gender issues varied significantly, both in terms of quality and coverage, for example from passing references to “including women” to extensive attention to issues that were particularly pertinent from a gender equality perspective. 
 
Ms. Brautigam then outlined lessons learnt, and said that despite the long-standing mandate for gender mainstreaming, there was not yet a uniformed level of awareness and capacity to use gender analysis consistently.  Having the evidence laid out in a systematic and consistent manner increased awareness and facilitated engagement; it provided a basis for highlighting gender perspectives, what the issues were, and how they could be addressed.  The gender-specific work of the General Assembly, for example in gender-specific resolutions, had impacted positively on thematic areas of work: gender-specific resolutions such as those on women and girls in rural areas had been very influential in broadening attention to gender issues in areas such as agriculture and nutrition, sustainable development, and safe drinking water and sanitation.  A request by a Member State for a resolution to reflect a gender perspective in a report was a first step for a substantive consideration of gender equality implications in the issue under consideration.  Going forward, continuously improved gender analysis in sectoral areas was needed to help in formulating a gender-responsive policy and action, while a critical factor for advancing gender equality was women’s activism and building the knowledge base in regard to gender perspective in the area of human rights.
 
RAMA MANI, Senior Research Associate at the University of Oxford Centre for International Studies and Co-Founder of Rising Women Rising World and panel moderator, noted that recently the Human Rights Council had requested that a gender perspective be systematically taken into account when establishing or renewing Special Procedures mandates.  What did it mean to integrate a gender perspective in fulfilling a mandate such as torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment?
 
JUAN ERNESTO MÉNDEZ, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, said that in 1985 when the Commission on Human Rights had established the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on torture, there had been no reference to gender.  The legal framework historically had evolved in response to practices that disproportionately affected men and had failed to account for the impact on torture and ill-treatment of entrenched discrimination, patriarchal, heteronormative and discriminatory power structures and socialized gender stereotypes.  Despite constituting a minority of the total prison population, women and girls were at particular risk of torture and ill-treatment in detention, not only within the criminal justice system, but also at immigration detention centres, medical establishments and drug rehabilitation centres.  Women’s needs and protection concerns often went unnoticed as prison regimes were typically designed for men.  However, women’s experiences in prison were typically distinct, so different policies, services and infrastructure were required to address their needs regarding rehabilitation and protection from ill-treatment.  In 2010 the adoption of the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders had been a crucial step in filling the existing gap in international standards and addressed gender-specific needs and circumstances of female offenders and prisoners.
 
Most women in the criminal justice system were low-income, minority single mothers and victims of domestic and sexual violence who suffered from mental and overall health problems.  Mr. Mendéz recommended that States review legislation and judicial practices to ensure they took full account of such backgrounds in sentencing, prison resource allocation, and planning.  Studies suggested that up to 80 per cent of women in prison were mothers, many of whom were primary care givers, so special attention had to be paid to address the impact of detention on both mothers and their children, whose best interests had to be respected in any decision taken regarding their mothers.  Mr. Mendéz also addressed specific concerns affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons who suffered higher rates of violence in detention than the general prison population, inflicted either by other prisoners or by prison staff, and who were also discriminated against in healthcare systems.  “Conversion” therapies, forced gender reassignment or forced sterilization and similar treatments were medically unnecessary and could amount to torture and ill-treatment.  Violence and abuses by private actors against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons could also amount to torture when States failed to exercise due diligence to protect them. 
 
RAMA MANI, Senior Research Associate at the University of Oxford Centre for International Studies and Co-Founder of Rising Women Rising World and panel moderator, said that at the time of the Council’s establishment, the institution building package included, as one of the principles and objectives of the review, the full integration of the gender perspective, particularly as it related to new mechanisms like the Universal Periodic Review.  She then asked the next panellist, Aoife Hegarty, how effective gender integration was in the Universal Periodic Review recommendations and how those had contributed to improving women’s rights on the ground.

AOIFE HEGARTY, Programme Manager at UPR Info, advocated for a broader understanding of the term gender to also include gender identity and expression.  She noted that Council resolutions 5/1 and 6/30 expressly called for the inclusion of a gender perspective in all stages of the Universal Periodic Review.  The socio-economic empowerment of women had also featured in Universal Periodic Review recommendations.  Looking to the level of implementation of first-cycle recommendations, she said that UPR Info’s analysis had found that women’s rights and gender was the theme that had triggered the highest action by mid-term.  Out of nearly 50,000 recommendations made during sessions, women’s rights and gender accounted for over 9000, of which 85 per cent were accepted.  But there were qualitative shortfalls, with low standards of specificity.  Too often, women had been clustered with other groups, such as children, and labelled collectively as “vulnerable.”  Such gender stereotyping not only undermined their legitimacy as rights-holders, but conflated issues and diluted the effectiveness of recommendations.  To help monitor gender-related advancements, all States should collect and disseminate disaggregated data that should be qualitatively analysed and discussed in the national report. 
 
Mid-term reporting was another critical element of the Universal Periodic Review process.  UPR Info suggested a new strategy for the third cycle of the Universal Periodic Review.  One year after the adoption, each State should report on five recommendations of its choice during the general debate on the Universal Periodic Review.  The Universal Periodic Review had been instrumental in the advancement of gender on the international agenda.  Equality and women’s rights had become a permanent and integrated discussion by all States.  Momentum needed to be harnessed to further systematize how recommendations were implemented.
 
Discussion
 
Viet Nam stressed the obligation to turn commitment on gender equality into concrete results, for which mainstreaming gender into national policies and the work of the United Nations was vital.  Viet Nam was co-organizing, during this session of the Council, a side event on educating women and girls in preventing and combatting trafficking in persons.  European Union said that social norms locked girls and women into unequal power relations and that gender gap was exacerbated when intersecting with other forms of exclusion, such as disability, ethnicity or sexual orientation.  The Council must address discriminatory laws, practices and customs through its resolutions, and ensure genuine gender mainstreaming.  Pakistan, speaking on behalf of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, appreciated that gender parity remained high on the agenda of the United Nations and felt that more needed to be done to realize the objective of the full and equal participation of women and men to participate in the United Nations system. 
 
Dominican Republic, speaking on behalf of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, said that it was essential to implement action which would integrate gender equality in public policies, taking into account diversity and all phases of life, and asked how to improve the adoption of a gender perspective in the work of Special Procedures.  Austria, speaking on behalf of four countries, said that gender imbalance still existed in many of the Council’s mechanisms and in the treaty bodies, adding that Member States must consider gender balance as a key criterion when voting for candidates.  The countries asked about best practices to contribute to the better participation of women in the work of the Council.  Sweden, speaking on behalf of a group of eight Nordic-Baltic countries, said that bodily autonomy and integrity were crucial for the ability of women and girls to enjoy the entire spectrum of their rights, and stressed the need to deal from a human rights perspective with issues of sexual coercion, forced pregnancy, female genital mutilation, child and early marriage, and gender-based and sexual violence.  Women’s and girls’ empowerment and participation at all levels depended on it.
 
Qatar said it fully supported the principle of integrating a gender perspective in all human rights-related decisions, but it was not possible to adopt a single model that could be replicated in all societies.  United Kingdom stated that the effective participation of women in public and economic life was an essential element of good governance and effective democracy because successful societies required the balanced participation of women and men in decision-making at all levels.  Ireland underlined the inextricable link between gender equality and women’s empowerment and sustainable development, and asked the panellists how to better integrate a gender perspective into the Universal Periodic Review.  Republic of Korea stated that the Sustainable Development Goals, namely Goal 5, could be effectively implemented with a country-specific approach such as in the Universal Periodic Review process.  Ecuador noted that it had taken a number of steps to integrate a gender perspective and the gender equality principle in various laws, such as for example those referring to gender-based violence.  Palau stated that as a matrilineal society it had made significant progress in the area of gender equality, and asked the panellists for their views on the best ways to integrate a gender perspective in the Council’s resolutions related to small island developing States.
 
Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, in a joint statement with International Service for Human Rights; Franciscans International; International Movement Against All Forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR); Amnesty International; and World Organisation Against Torture, noted that the current bureau of the Human Rights Council was comprised entirely of men and that all Presidents of the Human Rights Council had been male [sic]; measures had to be taken to address the situation.  United Nations Watch spoke about cases of rape in Gulf countries where the victims had been punished; the members of the panel were asked how violence against women could be ended when elected members of the Council engaged in such behaviour.  Plan International Inc., in a joint statement with, Terre Des Hommes Federation Internationale; and Defence for Children International, said that progress had been slow in the Human Rights Council, noting that the majority of resolutions were completely gender-blind, adding that the Council had to ensure that a gender perspective went beyond simply mentioning women and girls. 
 
Remarks by the Panellists
 
BOUDJEMÂA DELMI, Permanent Representative of Algeria to the United Nations Office at Geneva, noted that a number of questions had related to the resources needed for strengthening gender equality in the work of the Council, in the Universal Periodic Review and in the work of States.  As for the role of the States, the Ambassador stressed that the involvement and participation of women was crucial.  He gave the example of the Electoral Law in Algeria which since 2004 had required political parties to have parity in candidates’ lists - today Algeria was proud to have more than 30 per cent representation of women in the National Assembly, and parity in the Senate.  This enabled women to participate and ensure that women’s rights were addressed.  It was also important to share experiences and best practices by low-resource countries and Mr. Delmi said that treating women fairly and equally was important for all States, particularly in Africa. 
 
CHRISTINE BRAUTIGAM, Director of the Intergovernmental Support Division of UN Women, said that a session like this could serve as a catalyst in terms of awareness raising of what worked in other States and other bodies.  It would be therefore important to ensure to bring the insight shared here into other meetings of the Council and to raise the issues in the various thematic areas that the Council was dealing with, for example torture.  It was important to listen to the voices of women and women groups, listen to their experiences and integrate that into the work of the Council.  Also important was the availability and integration of gender disaggregated data in the work of the Council.  It must be emphasized that although the participation of women in working toward gender equality in the Human Rights Council and its bodies and mechanisms was important, it was up to the States to ensure that discrimination against women and girls was eliminated.
 
JUAN ERNESTO MÉNDEZ, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, said that the tools to draw upon in integrating a gender perspective were the Bangkok Rules, as well as the so-called Nelson Mandela Rules.  In his next thematic report he would advocate for a universal protocol on the way suspects of offences should be interrogated, as well as victims and witnesses.  As for the improvement of the gender perspective, there should be a follow-up on country visits.  He urged States to allow the Special Rapporteurs to carry out follow-up missions to assess the impact of their recommendations.  There should be a smooth dialogue between States and the Special Procedures.  States also had to review legislative norms to reduce the level of imprisonment and thus overcrowding, which would help the condition of women in prison and detention centres.
 
AOIFE HEGARTY, Programme Manager at UPR Info, explained that it was critical for the recommending States to learn from the rights holders themselves and to tailor recommendations according to the needs of the rights holders on the ground.  As for States under review, it was very important for them to conduct national consultations.  The Universal Periodic Review was a process built on the cooperation of all stakeholders.   Sustainable implementation by all countries was important and States were strongly encouraged to stablish a national mechanism for reporting and monitoring.  Ms. Hegarty emphasized the need for mid-term reporting, one year after the review, on five recommendations.  As for the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Universal Periodic Review, indeed they were reinforcing and the mid-term reporting should include also implementation toward the Sustainable Development Goals.     
 
Discussion
 
Cuba said that priority should be given to the universal application of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and called for parity in the composition of treaty bodies.  China said that it had always attached importance to the cause of women’s rights, and commended United Nations agencies for their efforts in promoting women’s empowerment.  Italy asked the panellists how the Council and its mechanisms could address gender concerns in all activities, especially when setting priorities, identifying actions, and allocating resources, and how to speed up the process within the wider framework of the Sustainable Development Goals.  Australia asked the panellists how the international community could ensure that the commissions of inquiry and other Special Procedures adequately considered gender issues in their work.  Georgia asked the panellists what the gaps were with regard to the incorporation of the gender perspective into the Council’s work.  Pakistan asked the panellists whether what was needed was more resolutions and Universal Periodic Review recommendations to integrate the gender perspective and women’s role, or better implementation of those recommendations which had been adopted, and how States could share best practices in that regard.  
 
Russian Federation stated that, despite some progress made in recent years, there was no country in the world which was free from gender discrimination and violence.  What needed to be done to improve cooperation within United Nations bodies? Bangladesh believed that the integration of a gender perspective in the work of the United Nations across its systems was very important to the realization of the full potential of an inclusive society.  Bangladesh expressed its appreciation for the first gender policy of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  Brazil was committed to eradicating gender-based violence within its borders.  Since 2013, every public hospital in Brazil had been obliged to provide free emergency and post-traumatic care to victims of sexual violence.
 
Spain said that the specific needs of girls and women needed to be taken on board when public policies were devised.  It was crucial to carry out appropriate analyses and have data disaggregated by sex; training on gender equality for all, including officials, was of critical importance.  Croatia strongly supported a comprehensive approach to the promotion and protection of the human rights of women and the integration of a gender perspective into all aspects of the work of the Human Rights Council and its mechanisms.  How could the Council play a more active role in driving gender-responsive implementation of the 2030 Agenda?  Greece recognized that the promotion of substantive gender equality was a necessity, especially in times of economic and social crisis when women’s rights required additional protection and safeguarding.  In spite of the severe economic crisis, the Greek authorities had never lost their ability to promote the protection of women. 
 
Khiam Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Torture drew the Council’s attention to the denial of the basic needs of Palestinians in Israeli prisons, including women and children under the age of 14, in stark violation of international law.  Action Canada for Population and Development commended the work of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and Special Procedures which had shed light on shocking violations of the rights of women and girls, and deeply regretted the consistent inability of the Council to address the recommendations related to the right of women to control their own bodies.  World Young Women’s Christian Association requested Member States and the Council to ensure diversity in voices and concerns of women, young women and girls in the passing and implementation of Council’s resolutions.
 
Venezuela praised the mandate of UN Women which gave a strong voice to women and said that Venezuela had made progress in many areas, including the participation of women in decision-making, non-sexist use of language, and the establishment of the Ministry for Women and Gender Equality.  Libya called for equal geographical representation and equal gender representation in the United Nations human rights mechanisms and called upon all countries to address the issue of discrimination against women.  Turkey observed that gender issues remained more relevant than ever and agreed that more needed to be done to include gender issues in the Council’s resolutions and in the Universal Periodic Review recommendations.
 
Thailand believed that the participation of men in the discussion on the gender perspective was also needed in order to have a holistic approach.  Thailand had participated in the Geneva Gender Champions initiative, which had been a very positive development.  Thailand had passed a gender equality act in 2015.  United Arab Emirates noted that the scope of international agreements today covered various areas of life.  The United Arab Emirates had created a council for gender equality with the view of reducing the gender gap.  The participation of women was improving with the Emirates’ 2021 Programme. 
 
Maarij Foundation for Peace and Development called for assistance to Governments and local authorities so that national programmes and policies could be adopted to address gender-based violence.  International conventions seeking gender equality needed to be ratified and data on gender-based violence better collected.  
 
Concluding Remarks
 
BOUDJEMÂA DELMI, Permanent Representative of Algeria to the United Nations Office at Geneva, said that more resolutions were needed in order to raise awareness, and recall the responsibilities of States, and also to reflect the invisible inequalities which arose from psychological violence and stigmatisation.  This invisible violence against women must be addressed, such families, communities and States prohibiting women from wearing certain items of clothing.  This was violence against women.  There were three crucial preconditions to full autonomy for women: education, emancipation, and participation of women in economic life.  Inclusion of women in decision-making was a must.
 
CHRISTINE BRAUTIGAM, Director of the Intergovernmental Support Division of UN Women, responding to a question on how to ensure that the Council’s  commissions of inquiry and Special Procedures adequately considered gender equality, said that the definition of the mandate was essential and it had to clarify what was expected in terms of gender equality and gender perspective across the entirety of the mandate.  It was then important to see how that mandate was implemented, and what monitoring and accountability system for the implementation of the mandate was in place.  UN Women used annual reporting, and this might be a means to enhancing that accountability, and enabling taking corrective action to address gaps.  With regard to gaps, it was important to pay attention not only to quantitative gaps, for example the number of mandates which lacked gender attention, but also to analyse the substance and the actual scope of the mandate in that regard.  The Council had an important role to play in driving forward the action on the 2030 Agenda, particularly the Sustainable Development Goal N°5 which had a strong human rights dimension.
 
JUAN MENDEZ, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, stressed the absolute prohibition of torture and ill-treatment in all situations.  Mr. Mendez had enjoyed invaluable support from members of civil society, many of whom were women.  Any subject under the Special Procedures mandates needed to integrate a gender perspective.  Gender-based and domestic violence could be eradicated only when accompanied with other measures.  With only weeks left in his mandate, Mr. Mendez noted that he had learned a lot from women colleagues and fellow Special Rapporteurs.  Special Procedures needed to pursue a balanced gender approach, with the principle of rotation between men and women.
 
AOIFE HEGARTY, Programme Manager at UPR Info, said that gender accounted for the second most prevalent theme in UPR recommendations.  Blossoming of a single flower did not mean arrival of spring, said Ms. Hegarty.  One had to look into the implementation of action-oriented recommendations; States were encouraged to keep the momentum, especially as the recommendations were becoming more specific.  In a welcome development, Burkina Faso, for example, had shared best practices on how it was combatting female genital mutilation.  The strength of the Universal Periodic Review process relied on the engagement of all stakeholders;  its role was unique and could be used to further amplify the voices of girls and women.  
 
RAMA MANI, Senior Research Associate at the University of Oxford Centre for International Studies and panel moderator, said that it took all United Nations agencies and bodies working together to bring the issue of women and girls’ rights forward.  The power of States to identify and fill the gaps was of paramount importance.  The parity 50:50 goal had been mentioned by a number of speakers; however, in many places women running for parliaments were exposed to backlash and even violence.  The repeated reference to the important role of culture, which needed to be seen as an asset, was also noted by Ms. Mani.  Men and male champions of gender equality also played a critical role; one example was the Geneva Gender Champions initiative, widely supported by male and female leaders alike.  The annual discussion was useful because it helped, once again, pinpoint the existing gaps and what could be done to close them. 

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