This study brings together many examples of concrete steps taken around the world to combat discrimination, violence and other forms of human rights violations against individuals based on sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics. It focuses predominantly on the actions of States, including national and local governments, parliaments, the judiciary and law enforcement agencies, as well as NHRIs. The study also highlights some apparent gaps in which limited or no examples of State implementation of recommendations, and implementation challenges were found, including where practices may be falling short of international human rights standards. This study is not a comprehensive account of State practice in every country: it provides at best a partial snapshot based on publically available information and responses to OHCHR’s call for inputs. The aim of the study is to spark reflection and discussion about implementation of measures to address the myriad human rights violations to which LGBT and intersex people are subject – and to encourage efforts to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of these measures and their alignment with international human rights standards.