Climate change is a threat multiplier for women and girls: UN expert

NEW YORK (5 October 2022) – Climate change and environmental degradation are escalating the risk and prevalence of violence against women and girls across the world, a UN expert warned.

“Climate change is the most consequential threat multiplier for women and girls, with far-reaching impacts on new and existing forms of gendered inequities,” said Reem Alsalem, UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences, in a report to the General Assembly on Tuesday.

“The cumulative and gendered consequences of climate change and environmental degradation breach all aspects of the rights of women and girls,” the expert said. “Climate change is not only an ecological crisis, but fundamentally a question of justice, prosperity and gender equality, and intrinsically linked to and influenced by structural inequality and discrimination.”

Alsalem emphasised the damaging ways in which violence against women and girls intersects with socio-political and economic phenomena, including armed conflict, displacement and resource scarcity. When coupled with climate change, they result in the feminisation and intensification of vulnerability, she said.

“Emerging evidence shows that the negative impacts of climate change globally aggravate all types of gender-based violence against women and girls, ranging from physical and psychological to economic violence, all the while curbing the availability and effectiveness of protection mechanisms and further weakening the potential to prevent violence.”

“When slow- or sudden-onset disasters strike and threaten livelihoods, communities may resort to negative coping mechanisms, such as trafficking, sexual exploitation and harmful practices like early and child marriage and drop out from schools – all of which force women and girls to choose between risk-imbued options for survival,” the expert said.

Alsalem said women environmental human rights defenders, indigenous women and girls, women of diverse gender identities and sexual orientations, older women, women with disabilities and women in poverty and those forcibly displaced were at particular risk and yet often fall through the protection gap.

“Despite the irreparable and significant harm to the wellbeing of women and girls, more efforts and resources are necessary to understand the nexus between climate change and violence against women and girls,” the expert said.

Alsalem urged the international community to double down on their commitment to gender equality and anchor the response to climate change and disaster risk mitigation in human rights.

“For our concerted efforts against climate change to be truly gender sensitive and transformative, measures to address the vulnerabilities faced by women and girls must build on a recognition of their role and agency as powerful stakeholders in the policy space. The wellbeing and the rights of women and girls should not be an afterthought and must be placed at the centre of policies and responses,” the Special Rapporteur said.

“If designed and implemented with a robust gender lens, the global response to climate change and environmental degradation can be truly transformative, rather than reinforce a vicious cycle,” she said.

ENDS

Ms. Reem Alsalem (Jordan) was appointed as Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences by the UN Human Rights Council in July 2021, to recommend measures, ways and means, at the national, regional and international levels, to eliminate violence against women and its causes, and to remedy its consequences. She is an independent consultant on gender issues, the rights of refugees and migrants, transitional justice and humanitarian response. She holds a Masters in International Relations from the American University in Cairo, Egypt (2001) and a Masters in Human Rights Law from the University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (2003).

Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.