In the present report, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights provides an analysis of the legal framework applicable to child sexual exploitation online, and identifies the different forms of sexual exploitation online, including sexual abuse material, grooming, “sextorsion” and child sexual abuse live streaming. It focuses on ways of preventing this phenomenon through legislation and empowerment strategies for children and caregivers, includes examples of good practices and makes recommendations on fighting the sexual exploitation of children online.