The present report addresses the human rights and international law dimensions of the provision of capacity-building and technical assistance in the context of countering terrorism and countering or preventing violent extremism. It is written in the context of the extraordinary expansion of capacity-building and technical assistance in countering terrorism and countering or preventing violent extremism. The Special Rapporteur affirms that human rights and rule of law-compliant capacitybuilding and technical assistance play a valuable role in strengthening a “whole-ofsociety” approach to countering terrorism and can be a vital aspect of preventing the conditions conducive to the emergence of sustained violence in society. She observes, however, that the provision of counter-terrorism capacity-building and technical assistance comes in the context of unprecedented growth for counter-terrorism institutions, normative frameworks, programming and funding over the past two decades. She notes the increased role of certain United Nations entities in providing counter-terrorism capacity-building and technical assistance to States and the absence of comparable scaling in human rights due diligence.