The present report is the first submitted by the recently appointed Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan. It contains a reflection on developments since 15 August 2021, when the Taliban took power, including discrimination and violence against women, conflict-related violations and restrictions on freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly, economic, social and cultural rights, and administration of justice. The report also contains an introduction to the Special Rapporteur’s vision and priorities for his mandate.