This Guide highlights issues related to the work of civil society actors. It provides an overview of the conditions and environment needed for a free and independent civil society, including relevant international human rights standards for freedoms of expression, association and peaceful assembly, and the right to participate in public affairs. The Guide invites civil society actors to use the United Nations human rights system to promote and protect civil society space at the local level. Resources and contact details are provided at the end of the Guide. The Guide aims primarily to assist civil society actors who are not yet familiar with the United Nations human rights system. Its development has been enriched from the outset by input and advice from diverse civil society actors.